Spices were rare products, mainly from the east, which began to be consumed on a large scale by Eur

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From the second half of the fifteenth century, the European world has undergone great political, monte colburn economic, social and cultural. These changes, which mark the end of the Middle monte colburn Ages and the early modern, brought with them the European trade expansion and led to the Maritime Discoveries.
Spices were rare products, mainly from the east, which began to be consumed on a large scale by Europeans since the time of the Crusades (Middle Ages). Examples: peppers, cinnamon, cloves, silk, ivory, camphor, nutmeg, ginger, aloe, frankincense, monte colburn sandalwood, perfumes and aromatic products. Constantinople, the city in which the oriental spices reached monte colburn Europe, where they were distributed with big profits by vessels of the republics of Genoa and Venice, was conquered monte colburn by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. Important: The trade of the Eastern spices monte colburn did develop the European Capitalism in its mercantilist phase. Favored Portugal and Spain to launch the Great Navigations: a privileged geographical position, maritime tradition (fishery) and the pioneering political centralization, because of the "Reconquista" (fight of the Christians against the Arabs). There were two major shipping cycles: East or Eastern (cycle of the Portuguese) monte colburn and west or west (of the Spanish cycle). monte colburn
The Eastern monte colburn or Portuguese cycle aimed at circumventing the coast of Africa to reach the Indies (East). The big boost to the Portuguese discoveries was the creation of Geography monte colburn and Nautical Center, located in Sagres (south of Portugal), the Infante Dom Henrique ("the Navigator"). The state financed the research and reserved monte colburn for himself the uniqueness of travel. The Celtic-making in 1415, in North Africa, marked the beginning of the achievements of overseas.
The western cycle or Spanish aimed reach the East (India) traveling the West ("West El por el poniente"), according to the plans of the navigator Christopher Columbus, a native of Genoa (Italy), who believed in sphericity or roundness of the earth. He received support from the "Catholic Kings" who governed Spain: Ferdinand (King of Aragon) and Isabel (Queen of Castile). His caravels were: Santa Maria (flagship), the Pinta and Nina.
The discovery of America almost led Portugal to declare war to Spain, monte colburn as the king of that country considered himself injured in his rights. To solve the problem of sharing (division) of the discovered lands, Pope Alexander VI, at the request of the "Catholic Monarchs", through the Bull Intercoetera (1493) established the boundaries of land between Portugal and Spain, monte colburn through an imaginary meridian It would be counted from 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands and the Azores, which was not accepted by Portugal. The Iberian countries reached an agreement through monte colburn the Treaty of Tordesillas or participation of the Ocean Sea, signed in 1494. It was established that the lands and islands east of the meridian, as from 370 leagues from the Cape Verde Islands should belong to Portugal monte colburn and those that stay west of the same line, would belong to Spain.
Consequences of overseas expansion and European trade: the emergence of Colonial empires governed by mercantilist policy; Atlantic has become the main shopping monte colburn center; They spread up the geographical and astronomical knowledge and the natural sciences; lowered the cost price of spices and drugs; came the trading companies; the bourgeoisie now has greater social importance and political influence.
After the discovery of the sea route to India, the king of Portugal, Dom Manuel I, "The Fortunate" (of Avis) organized powerful fleet in order to establish monte colburn trading posts in the East (Calicut). This expedition, which was led by nobleman Pedro Alvares Cabral, master of Bel Monte and Alcaide - Mor Azurara, discovered Brazil on April 22, 1500.
On the trip, while crossing the Atlantic strayed-nau (ship) of Vasco de Ataide. The first point was sighted Mount Pascoal, on 22 April 1500. After initial friendly contact with the Indians, the squadron anchored in the current bay Cabrália ("Porto Seguro"). Having Gaspar de Lemos returned monte colburn to Portugal taking letters concerning the discovery, the squadron p